Part One of this paper (HE, March 2018, pp 101-108) had discussed a methodology, developed by the authors of this article series, to benchmark a refinery’s fuels blending system. This methodology produces two indices, namely, automation effectiveness and operational efficiency,…

A typical refinery produces about 75-80% of its crude throughput and produces its fuel products (gasoline, diesel, LPG, fuel oil) by blending 10-12 refinery products, which varies in both quality and monetary value.  These fuel products have very strict specifications…

This paper discusses the design of a fuels blending header for an in-line blending system.  It is very important to design the header for a fully developed and well-mixed flow from components tanks to header and then from header to…